March 30, 2023
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Tesla and SpaceX boss has doubled down on his dire warnings about the danger of artificial intelligence. The billionaire tech entrepreneur called AI more dangerous than nuclear warheads and said there needs to be a regulatory body overseeing the development of super intelligence, speaking at the South by Southwest tech conference in Austin, Texas on Sunday. It is not the first time Musk has made frightening predictions about the potential of artificial intelligence — he has, for example, called AI vastly more dangerous than North Korea — and he has previously called for regulatory oversight.Musk, however, is resolute, calling those who push against his warnings “fools” at SXSW.
“The biggest issue I see with so-called AI experts is that they think they know more than they do, and they think they are smarter than they actually are,” said Musk.
“This tends to plague smart people. They define themselves by their intelligence and they don’t like the idea that a machine could be way smarter than them, so they discount the idea — which is fundamentally flawed.” Based on his knowledge of machine intelligence and its developments, Musk believes there is reason to be worried.
“I am really quite close, I am very close, to the cutting edge in AI and it scares the hell out of me,”added Musk. “It’s capable of vastly more than almost anyone knows and the rate of improvement is exponential.”
Musk pointed to machine intelligence playing the ancient Chinese strategy game Go to demonstrate rapid growth in AI’s capabilities. For example, London-based company, DeepMind, which was acquired by Google in 2014, developed an artificial intelligence system, AlphaGo Zero, that learned to play Go without any human intervention. It learned simply from randomized play against itself. The Alphabet-owned company announced this development in a paper published in October. Musk worries AI’s development will outpace our ability to manage it in a safe way. “So the rate of improvement is really dramatic. We have to figure out some way to ensure that the advent of digital super intelligence is one which is symbiotic with humanity. I think that is the single biggest existential crisis that we face and the most pressing one.”
To do this, Musk recommended the development of artificial intelligence be regulated. “I am not normally an advocate of regulation and oversight — I think one should generally err on the side of minimizing those things — but this is a case where you have a very serious danger to the public,” explained Musk. “It needs to be a public body that has insight and then oversight to confirm that everyone is developing AI safely. This is extremely important. I think the danger of AI is much greater than the danger of nuclear warheads by a lot and nobody would suggest that we allow anyone to build nuclear warheads if they want. That would be insane,” he said at SXSW.
“And mark my words, AI is far more dangerous than nukes. Far. So why do we have no regulatory oversight? This is insane.”
Musk called for regulatory oversight of artificial intelligence in July too, speaking to the National Governors Association. “AI is a rare case where I think we need to be proactive in regulation than be reactive,” Musk said in July.
Source: https://www.cnbc.com/
Categories: Uncategorized
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Tags: AI, Alphabet, AlphaGo Zero, Artificial Intelligence, DeepMind, Elon Musk, Google, regulation, regulatory body, SpaceX, SXSW, Tesla
March 27, 2023
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While some developments of AI can sound pretty scary there are times when advancements in technology can do a great deal of good. Certain forms of technology are being used to help diagnose conditions that impair a person’s mobility and there have been advances in the way we’re using Artificial Intelligence (AI) too. AI is being used in cancer screening technology to pick up potential issues long before they develop into something harmful.
This technology is currently being used to great success in Hungary, while the US, UK and the rest of Europe are also looking at testing it for themselves. While there are still many hurdles to get through, this technology could be a valuable tool for radiologists and ultimately be a lifesaver. Speaking to CNN, Dr Larry Norton of the Lauder Breast Center explained that while the technology has been around for decades AI is becoming a useful tool in refining the process and helping identify potential health issues.
An AI program was successfully able to detect breast cancer in a woman four years before it developed
“AI is a tool that machines use for looking at images and comparing those images to ones that have already been recorded in the machine to identify abnormalities,” said Dr Norton. “This technology can look at mammograms and identify areas that a human radiologist may want to look at more carefully. “It’s called computer assisted detection, it’s actually been around since the late 1990s but the technology is improving.”
“There’s lots of abnormalities that you see, they’re changes that are not really cancer. You can’t call everything cancer because anyone going for a mammogram is gonna need a biopsy. That’s not very practical. “What this work does is it identifies risk. It can tell a woman ‘you’re at high risk of developing breast cancer’ before you develop breast cancer,” explains the researcher.
However, he stressed that while AI had made some impressive advancements, this technology was in place to help human decision-makers rather than outright replace medical professionals.
“One thing humans can do that machines can’t do is order special tests. Things like contrast enhanced mammograms and MRIs,” Dr Norton said. “The other thing humans can do is look at previous mammograms and see if there’s any changes.” “We’ve got to think of AI as a tool for helping radiologists look at the images better. It’s not a standalone test, it’s not gonna replace a radiologist.”
According to the New York Times, the use of this AI technology in breast cancer screening has reduced the workload of a radiologist by around 30 percent while increasing cancer detection rates by 13 percent which sounds like entirely positive news. They also report that the AI was tested with some of the most challenging cancer cases where the early signs of breast cancer had not been spotted by radiologists, with the AI successfully managing to identify the cancer.
Categories: Uncategorized
| Tags: AI, Artificial Intelligence, breast cancer, cancer screening, Hungary, mobility
March 20, 2023
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In less than a month, researchers have used AlphaFold, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered protein structure database, to design and synthesize a potential drug to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer. The researchers successfully applied AlphaFold to an end-to-end AI-powered drug discovery platform called Pharma.AI. That included a biocomputational engine, PandaOmics, and a generative chemistry engine, Chemistry42. They discovered a novel target for HCC – a previously undiscovered treatment pathway – and developed a “novel hit molecule” that could bind to that target without the aid of an experimentally determined structure. The feat was accomplished in just 30 days from target selection and after only synthesizing seven compounds.
In a second round of AI-powered compound generation, researchers discovered a more potent hit molecule – although any potential drug would still need to undergo clinical trials. The study – published in Chemical Science – is led by the University of Toronto Acceleration Consortium Director Alán Aspuru-Guzik, Nobel laureate Michael Levitt and Insilico Medicine founder and CEO Alex Zhavoronkov.
“While the world was fascinated with advances in generative AI in art and language, our generative AI algorithms managed to design potent inhibitors of a target with an AlphaFold-derived structure,” Zhavoronkov said. “AlphaFold broke new scientific ground in predicting the structure of all proteins in the human body,” added co-author Feng Ren, chief scientific officer and co-CEO of Insilico Medicine. “At Insilico Medicine, we saw that as an incredible opportunity to take these structures and apply them to our end-to-end AI platform in order to generate novel therapeutics to tackle diseases with high unmet need. This paper is an important first step in that direction.”
Source: https://www.utoronto.ca/
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https://www.dailymail.co.uk/
Categories: Uncategorized
| Tags: AI, AlphaFold, Artificial Intelligence, Chemistry42, drug, HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma, Insilico Medicine, liver cancer, PandaOmics, Pharma.AI, protein structure database, University of Toronto, University of Toronto Acceleration Consortium
March 17, 2023
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In the first day after it was unveiled, GPT-4 stunned many users in early tests and a company demo with its ability to draft lawsuits, pass standardized exams and build a working website from a hand-drawn sketch.
On Tuesday, OpenAI announced the next-generation version of the artificial intelligence technology that underpins its viral chatbot tool, ChatGPT. The more powerful GPT-4 promises to blow previous iterations out of the water, potentially changing the way we use the internet to work, play and create. But it could also add to challenging questions around how AI tools can upend professions, enable students to cheat, and shift our relationship with technology.
GPT-4 is an updated version of the company’s large language model, which is trained on vast amounts of online data to generate complex responses to user prompts. It is now available via a waitlist and has already made its way into some third-party products, including Microsoft’s new AI-powered Bing search engine. Some users with early access to the tool are sharing their experiences and highlighting some of its most compelling use cases.
https://edition.cnn.com/
Categories: Uncategorized
| Tags: AI, Artificial Intelligence, Bing, chatbot, ChatGPT, GPT-4, large language model, Microsoft, OpenAI
March 16, 2023
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Tumor cells typically alter their energy metabolism and increase glucose uptake to support their rapid division and spread. This limits glucose availability for immune cells and therefore dampens the body’s anti-cancer immune response. By searching for proteins that both regulate the metabolism of cancer cells and affect immune cells in tumors, a team led by investigators at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) recently identified a potential target for therapies that could simultaneously drain tumors of energy and boost the immune response against them.
For the research, which is published in Cancer Discovery, Keith T. Flaherty, MD, the director of Clinical Research at the MGH Cancer Center and a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, and his colleagues developed a new computational tool called BipotentR that can identify targets that block immune activation and also stimulate a second user-defined pathway (in this case, metabolism). When applied to gene expression data from patients with cancer who were treated with immunotherapy, as well as from cell lines and animal models, the tool identified 38 cancer cell–specific immune-metabolic regulators.
Artificial intelligence techniques showed that the activity level of these regulators in tumors predicted patients’ outcomes after receiving immunotherapy. The topmost identified regulator, ESRRA (Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha), was activated in immunotherapy-resistant tumors of many types. Inhibiting ESRAA killed tumors by suppressing energy metabolism and activating two immune mechanisms involving different types of immune cells.The scientists also demonstrated that BipotentR can be applied to other survival mechanisms used by cancer cells, such as their ability to promote blood vessel formation to increase their blood supply. Therefore, BipotentR, available at http://bipotentr.dfci.harvard.edu, provides a resource for discovering single drugs that can act through one cancer-related pathway while simultaneously stimulating an immune response.
Source: https://www.massgeneral.org/
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https://www.thebrighterside.news/
Categories: Uncategorized
| Tags: (Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha, AI, Artificial Intelligence, BipotentR, cancer, energy metabolism, ESRA, gene expression, Harvard Medical School, immune cells, immunity, immunotherapy, Massachusetts General Hospital, MGH, proteins, tumor cells
March 2, 2023
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A new Pew Research Center survey explores public views on artificial intelligence (AI) in health and medicine – an area where Americans may increasingly encounter technologies that do things like screen for skin cancer and even monitor a patient’s vital signs. The figures demonstrate that on a personal level, there’s significant discomfort among Americans with the idea of AI being used in their own health care. Six-in-ten U.S. adults say they would feel uncomfortable if their own health care provider relied on artificial intelligence to do things like diagnose disease and recommend treatments; a significantly smaller share (39%) say they would feel comfortable with this.
One factor in these views: A majority of the public is unconvinced that the use of AI in health and medicine would improve health outcomes. The Pew Research Center work, conducted Dec. 12-18, 2022, of 11,004 U.S. adults finds only 38% say AI being used to do things like diagnose disease and recommend treatments would lead to better health outcomes for patients generally, while 33% say it would lead to worse outcomes and 27% say it wouldn’t make much difference.
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| Tags: AI, Artificial Intelligence, doctor, health, medicine, Pew Research Center, skin cancer, US
February 24, 2023
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A million here, times a million there. Pretty soon you’re talking about big numbers. So the chip maker Nvidia claims for its AI accelerating hardware in terms of the performance boost it has delivered over the last decade and will deliver again over the next 10 years. The result, if Nvidia is correct, will be a new industry of AI factories across the world and gigantic breakthroughs in AI processing power. It also means, ostensibly, AI models one million times more powerful than existing examples, including ChatGPT, in AI processing terms at least. CEO Jensen Huang claimed that Nvidia‘s GPUs had boosted AI processing performance by a factor of no less than one million in the last 10 years.
“Moore’s Law, in its best days, would have delivered 100x in a decade,” Huang explained. “By coming up with new processors, new systems, new interconnects, new frameworks and algorithms and working with data scientists, AI researchers on new models, across that entire span, we’ve made large language model processing a million times faster.”
Put another way: no Nvidia, no ChatGPT. The AI language model that is said to run on around 10,000 Nvidia GPUs and has captured the world’s consciousness by demonstrating something akin to its own actual consciousness in recent months wouldn’t be here without Jensen. And, of course, the team at OpenAI who actual put it into operation.
If one million times the performance in the last decade isn’t impressive enough, Huang has news for you: Nvidia‘s going to do it again.
Source: https://www.pcgamer.com/
Categories: Uncategorized
| Tags: AI, AI language model, AI models, AI processing, Artificial Intelligence, ChatGPT, GPU, Nvidia, OpenAI
February 16, 2023
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At 82 years old, with an aggressive form of blood cancer that six courses of chemotherapy had failed to eliminate, “Paul” appeared to be out of options. With each long and unpleasant round of treatment, his doctors had been working their way down a list of common cancer drugs, hoping to hit on something that would prove effective—and crossing them off one by one. The usual cancer killers were not doing their job.
With nothing to lose, Paul’s doctors enrolled him in a trial set up by the Medical University of Vienna in Austria, where he lives. The university was testing a new matchmaking technology developed by a UK-based company called Exscientia that pairs individual patients with the precise drugs they need, taking into account the subtle biological differences between people.
The researchers took a small sample of tissue from Paul (his real name is not known because his identity was obscured in the trial). They divided the sample, which included both normal cells and cancer cells, into more than a hundred pieces and exposed them to various cocktails of drugs. Then, using robotic automation and computer vision (machine-learning models trained to identify small changes in cells), they watched to see what would happen. In effect, the researchers were doing what the doctors had done: trying different drugs to see what worked. But instead of putting a patient through multiple months-long courses of chemotherapy, they were testing dozens of treatments all at the same time.
The approach allowed the team to carry out an exhaustive search for the right drug. Some of the medicines didn’t kill Paul’s cancer cells. Others harmed his healthy cells. Paul was too frail to take the drug that came out on top. So he was given the runner-up in the matchmaking process: a cancer drug marketed by the pharma giant Johnson & Johnson that Paul’s doctors had not tried because previous trials had suggested it was not effective at treating his type of cancer.
It worked. Two years on, Paul was in complete remission—his cancer was gone. The approach is a big change for the treatment of cancer, says Exscientia’s CEO, Andrew Hopkins: “The technology we have to test drugs in the clinic really does translate to real patients.”
Source: https://www.technologyreview.com/
Categories: Uncategorized
| Tags: AI, Artificial Intelligence, cancer cells, cells, chemotherapy, complete remission, drugs, Exscientia, Johnson & Johnson, machine-learning, matchmaking technology, Medical University of Vienna, robotic automation, tissue
February 15, 2023
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Google isn’t about to let Microsoft or anyone else make a swipe for its search crown without a fight. The company announced today that it will roll out a chatbot named Bard “in the coming weeks.” The launch appears to be a response to ChatGPT, the sensationally popular artificial intelligence chatbot developed by startup OpenAI with funding from Microsoft.
Sundar Pichai, Google’s CEO, wrote in a blog post that Bard is already available to “trusted testers” and designed to put the “breadth of the world’s knowledge” behind a conversational interface. It uses a smaller version of a powerful AI model called LaMDA, which Google first announced in May 2021 and is based on similar technology to ChatGPT. Google says this will allow it to offer the chatbot to more users and gather feedback to help address challenges around the quality and accuracy of the chatbot’s responses.
Google and OpenAI are both building their bots on text generation software that, while eloquent, is prone to fabrication and can replicate unsavory styles of speech picked up online. The need to mitigate those flaws, and the fact that this type of software cannot easily be updated with new information, poses a challenge for hopes of building powerful and lucrative new products on top of the technology, including the suggestion that chatbots could reinvent web search.
Notably, Pichai did not announce plans to integrate Bard into the search box that powers Google’s profits. Instead he showcased a novel, and cautious, use of the underlying AI technology to enhance conventional search. For questions for which there is no single agreed-on answer, Google will synthesize a response that reflects the differing opinions.
For example, the query “Is it easier to learn the piano or the guitar?” would be met with “Some say the piano is easier to learn, as the finger and hand movements are more natural … Others say that it’s easier to learn chords on the guitar.” Pichai also said that Google plans to make the underlying technology available to developers through an API, as OpenAI is doing with ChatGPT, but did not offer a timeline.
https://www.wired.com/
Categories: Uncategorized
| Tags: AI, API, Artificial Intelligence, Bard, chatbot, ChatGPT, DEVELOPERS, Google, LaMDA, Microsoft, no single agreed-on answer, OpenAI, text generation, web search
February 7, 2023
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Generative artificial intelligence (AI) describes algorithms (such as ChatGPT) that can be used to create new content, including audio, code, images, text, simulations, and videos. Recent new breakthroughs in the field have the potential to drastically change the way we approach content creation.
Generative AI systems fall under the broad category of machine learning, and here’s how one such system—ChatGPT—describes what it can do:
Ready to take your creativity to the next level? Look no further than generative AI! This nifty form of machine learning allows computers to generate all sorts of new and exciting content, from music and art to entire virtual worlds. And it’s not just for fun—generative AI has plenty of practical uses too, like creating new product designs and optimizing business processes. So why wait? Unleash the power of generative AI and see what amazing creations you can come up with!
Did anything in that paragraph seem off to you? Maybe not. The grammar is perfect, the tone works, and the narrative flows. That’s why ChatGPT—the GPT stands for generative pretrained transformer—is receiving so much attention right now. It’s a free chatbot that can generate an answer to almost any question it’s asked. Developed by OpenAI, and released for testing to the general public in November 2022, it’s already considered the best AI chatbot ever. And it’s popular too: over a million people signed up to use it in just five days. Starry-eyed fans posted examples of the chatbot producing computer code, college-level essays, poems, and even halfway-decent jokes.
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| Tags: advertising copywriters, AI, algorithms, art, audio, chatbot, ChatGPT, code, Computers, content, DALL-E, Generative artificial intelligence, generative pretrained transformer, images, machine-learning, medical imaging analysis, music, OpenAI, professors, simulations, text, videos, virtual worlds, weather forecast
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